O artigo que aqui apresentamos visa investigar o ensino de humanidades entre os beneditinos luso-brasileiros, particularmente, o ensino de filosofia entre os séculos XVII e XVIII, período em que vigorava como normativa para os colégios beneditinos as determinações presentes nas Constitutiones monachorum nigrorum ordinis Sancti Patri Benedicti Regnorum Portugalliae, datadas de 1629. Tomando esse documento como nosso objeto de estudo e tendo como aportes metodológicos a pesquisa bibliografia sobre o tema e a análise de texto, buscamos responder ao seguinte problema: (...) quais as características do ensino de filosofia dos beneditinos luso-brasileiros entre os séculos XVII e XVIII? Identificamos a partir de uma abordagem crítica das normas, que seu objetivo principal era a restauração e manutenção do prestígio da ordem, que as práticas pedagógicas prescritas visavam a disciplinarização dos alunos e internacionalização da produção intelectual de futuros mestres, no entanto, compreendemos que houve uma flexibilização na aplicação prática dessas normas, ao menos no Brasil. (shrink)

Microagressões raciais são degradações e humilhações sutis, veladas, inócuas, feitas muitas vezes de forma intencional, proferidas contra indivíduos em nível local e individual. No Ensino Superior, pesquisas destacam que experiências com microagressões têm levado estudantes a abandonarem seus cursos. Nesse estudo, buscamos compreender a forma como estudantes cotistas negros e negras de cursos de Ciências Exatas vivenciam microagressões raciais em sua trajetória universitária. Para isso, apresentamos resultados relacionados a uma das categorias de análise de uma pesquisa em andamento, que se (...) relaciona às vivências de 40 estudantes com microagressões raciais dentro de um contexto acadêmico. Os respondentes sofreram microagressões raciais em salas de aula, laboratórios, em atividades de campo, e com docentes, demonstrando sentimentos de desmerecimento, exclusão, desconsideração, invalidez, e invisibilidade. Diante dos relatos, os estudantes combateram ou não tal fenômeno por meio de enfrentamento individual, enfrentamento em grupo, por representatividade, por apoio profissional e por silenciamento. (shrink)

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa em que buscamos identificar as experiências de estudantes da área de Ciências Exatas com microagressões raciais. O público-alvo da pesquisa foi composto por estudantes beneficiários de ações afirmativas matriculados em cursos da área de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal de Alfenas (n=390) que responderam um instrumento denominado Escala de Experiências Acadêmicas, Sociais e de Sobrevivência no âmbito das Exatas (EASS-Exatas). Para a análise, utilizamos correlações e Spearman, teste de significância qui-quadrado e Análise de (...) Componentes Principais (ACP). Os resultados indicam que estudantes com idade entre 20 e 30 anos identificam com maior clareza aspectos relacionados às microagressões raciais. Além disso, os estudantes autodeclarados pretos foram aqueles que vivenciaram de forma mais intensa as microagressões raciais, inclusive com scores acima dos estudantes autodeclarados pardos, que também compõem o grupo de estudantes negros no Brasil. Isso evidencia que a cor da pele está diretamente relacionada às experiências com racismo e com microagressões raciais vivenciadas pelos estudantes. Mesmo vencendo a barreira do acesso, estudantes cotistas negros e negras de cursos de exatas continuam enfrentando o desafio de sobreviver academicamente devido a violência estrutural que vivenciam durante sua trajetória no curso e na universidade. (shrink)

Este artigo explora alguns elementos da interpretação do liberalismo e do conservadorismo na obra de José Guilherme Merquior, tendo em vista dois problemas fundamentais. Em um primeiro momento, buscaremos tornar explícitos alguns elementos de O Liberalismo: Antigo e Moderno para entender como a contribuição de Merquior traz uma sofisticação teórica e crítica que não estava disponível na nossa literatura sobre história das ideias no período. Num segundo momento, procuraremos demonstrar que sua abordagem crítica permite a Merquior tratar o estudo (...) do liberalismo de modo diverso, compreendendo que é impossível afirmar a existência de uma “tradição liberal” unívoca e que a diversidade de manifestações ideológicas do liberalismo obedece a influxos e conjunções de ideias que responderiam por sua pluralidade. O principal exemplo disso, como pretendemos deixar claro, é o modo como Merquior trata a “variante liberista” do liberalismo como uma conjunção entre ideias liberais e conservadoras, apontando para os limites desse "híbrido" com relação às promessas liberais clássicas. (shrink)

Existing theoretical literature on justice, law, and community typically treats them as ideas studying them through an analytical and rational approach. In this article, I propose to investigate these concepts through aesthetic experience as an attempt to both sharpen our imagination of such concepts and demonstrate they are inseparable. I do this by painstakingly examining the movies Shoplifters by Kore-eda and The House That Jack Built by Von Trier. Rather than focusing on thematic analysis, I claim and show that film (...) form is crucial for aesthetic and affective experience. Furthermore, and against the conventional view, I argue that both movies articulate a spatialized vision of justice defined by its materiality. Together these aspects help us to keep (re)imagining law, justice, and community, and grasp better their worldmaking properties and powers. (shrink)

Nos propomos nesse artigo a contribuir à apreciação da assimilação de Schopenhauer da teoria das Ideias de Platão, por meio da comparação da interpretação schopenhaueriana dessa doutrina com sua exposição platônica. Para tanto, partiremos do roteiro de leitura da teoria das Ideias de Platão recomendado por Schopenhauer em suas preleções na Universidade de Berlim, e que destaca trechos de Filebo, A República e O Banquete. Após sua análise, defenderemos que Schopenhauer assume e ressignifica a distinção platônica entre o mundo como (...) protótipo e cópia, associando o primeiro às forças naturais fundamentais, e o segundo, aos fenômenos do princípio de razão suficiente. Mostraremos também que Schopenhauer espera “corrigir” [1] a “psicologia racional” de Platão, com o argumento de que “o conhecimento sem a intuição, que é intermediada pelo corpo, não possui estofo algum” [2], seguido da radicalização da teoria platônica de que o belo intuitivo facilita o conhecimento das Ideias. [1] SCHOPENHAUER, A. Parerga und Paralipomena – Band I, 1895, §4, p. 52. Salvo quando haja outra indicação, as traduções de Schopenhauer serão de nossa autoria [2] Ibidem. (shrink)

_Changing the Subject_ is a classic critique of traditional psychology in which the foundations of critical and feminist psychology are laid down. Pioneering and foundational, it is still _the _groundbreaking text crucial to furthering the new psychology in both teaching and research. Now reissued with a new foreword describing the changes which have taken place over the last few years, _Changing the Subject _will continue to have a significant impact on thinking about psychology and social theory.

One issue that is often ignored in political theory is the problem of means and modes of communication affecting dialogue between parties. In this age of hyper communication, this is something particularly relevant. The point here is that, despite the ease with which we have access to both means and modes of communication, there remains the problem of truly communicating and truly dialoguing with the Other. Michel Serres’ work Le Parasite is a seminal work on this issue. According to him, (...) in means and modes of communication, the parasite is an unwanted entity that interferes with what would otherwise be a clear connection between a sender and a receiver. But messages must pass through means and modes of communication, and this necessarily interferes with the message. The noise is therefore a constitutive feature of any form of communication. In this article, I assess the implications of Serres’ theory for Buber’s views on dialogue and for conflict resolution between individuals and communities in conflict. My discussion will be centred on informal education and will make reference to concrete instances of Anti-Semitism in the Middle-Eastern media, and how it affects relations between communities in the region. (shrink)

Through a theoretical examination of the preventive turn in criminal law and justice which has gained momentum in Anglo-American criminal justice systems since the late-twentieth century, The Preventive Turn in Criminal Law demonstrates how recent transformations in criminal law and justiceare intrinsically related to and embedded in the way liberal society and liberal law have been imagined, developed, and conditioned by its social, political, and historical context. Henrique Carvalho identifies a tension between the idea of punishment as an expression (...) of individual justice, andprevention as a manifestation of the need for security and the promotion of welfare. Tracing this tension back to an intrinsic ambivalence within the modern conception of individual liberty, which is both repressed and preserved by liberal conceptions of responsibility and punishment, Carvalhoproves that as long as this ambivalence remains unexamined, liberal law has the potential to both promote and undermine individual justice.Engaging with the dominant contemporary literature on criminal law, prevention, risk, security, and criminalisation, this volume deploys a theoretical perspective developed through a critical analysis of both classical and contemporary works of social and political theory. The book reveals that thepervasiveness of prevention in 21st century criminal justice systems represents not only the consequence of new and unprecedented features of contemporary politics and society, but also the manifestation of essential aspects of the liberal legal and political tradition. (shrink)

Philosophy of science has undergone a naturalistic turn, moving away from traditional idealized concerns with the logical structure of scientific theories and toward focusing on real-world scientific practice, especially in domains such as modeling and experimentation. As part of this shift, recent work has explored how the project of philosophically understanding science as a natural phenomenon can be enriched by drawing from different fields and disciplines, including niche construction theory in evolutionary biology, on the one hand, and ecological and enactive (...) views in embodied cognitive science, on the other. But these insights have so far been explored in separation from each other, without clear indication of whether they can work together. Moreover, the focus on particular practices, however insightful, has tended to lack consideration of potential further implications for a naturalized understanding of science as a whole (i.e., above and beyond those particular practices). Motivated by these developments, here we sketch a broad-ranging view of science, scientific practice and scientific knowledge in terms of ecological-enactive co-construction. The view we propose situates science in the biological, evolutionary context of human embodied cognitive activity aimed at addressing the demands of life. This motivates reframing theory as practice, and reconceptualizing scientific knowledge in ecological terms, as relational and world-involving. Our view also brings to the forefront of attention the fundamental link between ideas about the nature of mind, of science and of nature itself, which we explore by outlining how our proposal differs from more conservative, and narrower, conceptions of “cognitive niche construction.”. (shrink)

o artigo trata da compreensáo da Modernidade no pensamento de Foucault abordando a dimensáo historica da atualidade na esfera de problematizaçáo socio-politica dos nossos dias. Seu nucleo de argumentacáo concentra-se nas condições de exame da questáo etica atraves da leitura que Foucault faz de Kant do principio da maioridade , do telos da afiio e da autonomia individual. Com isto o artigo propõe um eixo de analise da ideia foucaultiana de uma estetica da existencia a partir da relaçao entre subjetividade (...) e poder. (shrink)

O texto analisa a Constituição Federal de 1988 traduzida em norma e em fato no que concerne à solidariedade ambiental frente às mudanças climáticas que provocam a desigualdade. Desta forma, defende-se sua função dentro do âmbito jurídico e social da solidariedade em face da desigualdade social provocada por este fenômeno ambiental. Pressupõe-se que a solidariedade ambiental é um instrumento relevante a ser observado e aplicado na contenção das desigualdades provocadas pelas mudanças climáticas, que promovem a pobreza, a degradação ambiental e (...) a não realização dos direitos fundamentais/humanos. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo em pesquisa bibliográfica-documental. (shrink)

In contemporary academic philosophy, Chinese Philosophy remains a niche. This has a lot to do with its presentation, which often creates an impression of alienness and allegory, making its contribution, especially to analytical questions, not obvious. This paper examines how a change in presentation eases the inclusion of Chinese Philosophy into the mainstream. On the assumption that there has been an “activist turn” in the discipline in general, philosophical interest in a tradition that ranges from conceptual analysis, to ethics and (...) politics, but that is ultimately focused on motivating actions, becomes more relevant and pressing. Since, in much of Chinese Philosophy, the philosopher is an activist, if the wider discipline is indeed undergoing an “activist turn”, then there is a connection here that should be made. In this paper, the connection is explained using two examples, Mozi and Xu Fuguan. (shrink)

Weakness of the Will can impose a problem for most theories of rationality, since they try to assess rationality in the framework of one theory. Here, Akrasia is divides in three different types and each analyzed separately. First, someone changes her mind on her action. Second, someone “forced” to change her action without changing her mind. This force is alien to the will and can be a psychological cause. Finally, third, the same alien force is working upon the agent, but (...) theagent thinks it to be her will. (shrink)

Este artigo mostra que não há uma tese de subdeterminação de teorias científicas pelos indícios observacionais, mas várias. Identificamos quatro, com significados, plausibilidades e implicações distintos. Mostra-se que as mais fortes não passam de conjeturas, e que as mais fracas são mais plausíveis, mas não possuem implicações filosóficas robustas – em particular, não implicam o antirrealismo científico –, embora forneçam indícios de alternativas teóricas sistematicamente ignoradas na ciência, bem como do emprego de critérios em parte valorativos de escolha de teorias.

Alonso de Veracruz é o autor do mais antigo estudo realizado na América colonial sobre o comportamento lógico das proposições compostas pelos verbos 'começa' e 'cessa'. De modo geral, sua abordagem coincide com a análise híbrida dos lógicos terministas medievais, que conjugavam princípios semânticos e metafísicos para investigar os limites temporais da mudança. Apesar disso, o uso que ele faz de doutrinas pouco estudadas ou mesmo ignoradas pelos historiadores da lógica com o propósito de determinar a natureza dos instantes de (...) transição, a distinção entre itens sujeitos a mudança, a exposição das proposições formadas por 'começa' ou 'cessa', as relações de oposição entre elas e a suposição de seus termos categoremáticos, evidencia a importância histórica e doutrinária da lógica alonsina da mudança. (shrink)

Martin Buber is considered one of the twentieth century’s greatest thinkers, contributing to the fields of philosophy, theology and education. After Buber’s death the appreciation of his considerable legacy became rather muted, but was never completely forgotten. Recently, interest in Buber’s thought has increased and a number of journal articles and books dealing with both general and specific aspects of his philosophy have appeared. However, the number of commentaries on the importance of his socio-political thought are still small in number, (...) and it is arguable that only Mendes-Flohr and Avnon have provided significant discussions on this aspect of Buber’s philosophy. This article adds to the debate in this area by referring to Buber’s concept of the ‘living-centre’, and assesses the Mendes-Florian and Avnonian [my terminology] interpretations of this fundamental idea so as to establish which provides a more sustainable reading of Buber’s ideas. (shrink)

Education has two distinct but interconnected layers. There is an outer layer concerned with knowledge transfer and skills and an inner layer concerned with the development of character and relationships with others, both individually and socially. This inner layer provides the individual with the capacity to influence and to change society. In that sense, such an inner layer is ‘political’. In this article we argue that the ‘political’ in education can take two distinct forms: either that of dialogue or of (...) defiance. We claim that the former is epitomised by the philosophy of Martin Buber and the latter by the philosophy of Frantz Fanon. Our analysis contrasting these two philosophies clarifies the implications for education, and thereby for the individual and for society. (shrink)

This article presents a study on the dialogue between the ideas and the aesthetics of Augusto dos Anjos. What is meant to be postulated is that the Paraiba’s poet puts his vigorous aesthetic to the service of ideas that were expurgated from the literary and academic scene under the label of vitalism, in favor of the hegemony of mechanism. Aesthetic images, the use of a nearly completely denotative scientific language, and morbidity, as paroxysms of this aesthetic project are not really (...) an isolated initiative of the poet, but not even his contemporaries understood the greatness of his project and how it was neces-sary, to accomplish it, that he raises his poetics to an unusual aesthetic level. Augusto dos Anjos, even on the fringes of the elitist epicenter of Ouvidor Street (where his accent and his color would have no place), succeeded in constructing a true poetics of denotation that became one of the most radical bulwarks of a literature that, by yours hands, entered modernity. Keywords: Augusto dos Anjos. Vitalism and mechanism. Denotation. Scientific poetry.1 Introdução1.1 Do propósitoNeste artigo pretendemos dissertar sobre um aspecto da poética diversificada de Augusto dos Anjos. Motiva esta pesquisa a observação de que sua obra ensejou interpretações controversas entre os estudio-sos, sobretudo quanto à uma categorização de ordem taxonômica, que a dispusesse sob o rótulo de um estilo. De fato, o Eu (1912), essa obra única de Augusto dos Anjos, é rica em elementos característicos de várias escolas e de diferentes estilos literários, e tais elementos são, não raro, antagônicos. Transitam pela poética de Augusto dos Anjos o Simbolismo, o SEÇÃO: ENSAIOSA ciência da poesia da ciência em Augusto dos AnjosThe science of science’s poetry in Augusto dos Anjos . (shrink)

O conceito de phýsis no Corpus hippocraticum parece ter dois níveis: um mais e outro menos específico. Nas passagens em que o termo phýsis não apresenta qualquer determinante ou adendo, o conceito é menos específico. Ele é mais específico, no entanto, quando o termo leva consigo adjuntos como “do homem”, “da criança”, “da mulher”, etc. Apesar de parecer esta uma questão dicotômica, há razões para crer que ela possui maior complexidade. Isto nos motivou a apresentar algumas questões que expõem um (...) espectro bem mais amplo do conceito de phýsis, em detrimento da mera abordagem binária. Para além da complexidade conceitual que ronda a ideia de phýsis, o artigo leva em conta ainda o nível discursivo (talvez mesmo retórico). Neste âmbito, o conceito de phýsis é problematizado a partir da fricção entre enunciação e enunciado. Abstract The concept of phýsis in the Hippocratic corpus seems to have two levels: one of them more and the other less specific. In the passages in which the term phýsis does not show any determiner or addition, the concept is less specific. It is more specific, however, when the term take complements as “of man”, “of child”, “of women” etc. Though it seems a dichotomic issue, there are reasons to believe that it bears more complexity. It has instigated us to present some issues that expose a much wider spectrum of the concept of phýsis rather than the binary account. Beyond the conceptual complexity which surrounds the idea of phýsis, this article considers the discursive (perhaps even rhetoric) level. In this account, the concept of phýsis is examined out of friction between enunciation and enunciated. (shrink)

We comment here one of the most categorical, radical and fundamental concepts of Schopenhauer’s pessimism: the theory of positivity of pain and negativity of pleasure. We present its development in the philosopher’s capital work The World as Will and Representation and defend that it is present in a vital way in his three metaphysics, but is only made explicit in the last (of customs). Finally, we “dialogue” with the problematical issues that G. Simmel and C. Janaway address this argument and (...) propose a possible explanation of the thinker’s strategy to reserve its notability to the last book. (shrink)

Este texto procura encontrar um princípio hermenêutico que dê acesso a uma leitura de unidade da obra de Ricoeur. Nesse contexto, experimenta a tese de que a filosofia ricoeuriana se deixa interpretar como um caso no interior do pensamento crítico de herança kantiana, como uma filosofia dos limites da razão, não no sentido originário, de investigação sobre as condições de possibilidade do conhecimento objectivo, mas por poder ser lida como uma pesquisa sistematica para encontrar as condições em que é possível (...) ao pensar, à discursividade, dizer, num saber constituído, a existência. Assim, tratar-se-á do significado "crítico" de Le volontaire et l'involontaire que, sendo a primeira obra do projecto da Filosofia da Vontade. lhe determina as condição de possibilidade, ao propor os princípios teóricos fundantes da constituição de um discurso unitário sobre o humano enquanto expressão de uma existência histórica e livre. /// Ce texte veut trouver un principe herméneutique qui donne accès à une lecture unitaire de l'oeuvre de Ricoeur. C'est dans ce contexte que l'on avance la thèse selon laquelle la philosophie ricoeurienne doit être interprétée comme un cas à l'intérieur de la pensée critique d'héritage kantien, comme une philosophie des limites de la raison, non pas dans le sens d'investigation des conditions de possibilité de la connaissance objective, mais parce que cette philosophie peut être lue comme une recherche systématique en vue de trouver les conditions dans lesquelles le penser, le discours, peut, en un savoir constitué, dire l'existence. On s'occupera donc du sens "critique" de Le volontaire et l'involontaire qui, comme première oeuvre du projet de la Philosophie de la l'olonté, assigne à celle-ci ses conditions de possibilité en proposant les principes théoriques qui fondent la constitution d'un discours unitaire à propos de l'humain en tant qu'expression d'une existence historique et libre. /// This text seeks to find a hermeneutical principle which permits a reading of Ricoeur's work as a whole. In this context, it is proposed that Ricoeur's philosophy may be interpreted with the Kantian tradition of the critical thought as a philosophy of limits for reason; this is not to be taken in the original sense of the conditions of possibility for objective knowledge but rather as sistematic investigation to discover the conditions which make possible thought and discourse concerning existence. It is thus that the "criticism" of Le volontaire et l'involontaire, the first work of his Philosophy of the Will. can be seen as determining these conditions of possibility by proposing fundamental theoretical principles of the constitution of unitary discourse is relation to the human experience, understood as historical and free existence. (shrink)

In this interview with ESPACIOS Magazine (CINDES in Ecuador), in which the author gives the first announcement of his new publication, he offers his critical opinion as to the future of Brazil and of Latin America in general, in the face of liberal reforms that capitalist society is implementi..

O texto analisa a Constituição Federal de 1988 traduzida em norma e em fato no que concerne à solidariedade ambiental frente às mudanças climáticas que provocam a desigualdade. Desta forma, defende-se sua função dentro do âmbito jurídico e social da solidariedade em face da desigualdade social provocada por este fenômeno ambiental. Pressupõe-se que a solidariedade ambiental é um instrumento relevante a ser observado e aplicado na contenção das desigualdades provocadas pelas mudanças climáticas, que promovem a pobreza, a degradação ambiental e (...) a não realização dos direitos fundamentais/humanos. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo em pesquisa bibliográfica-documental. (shrink)

La globalización que barre el planeta ha resultado en una serie de paradojas e incertidumbres para las personas. Aunque haya impulsado poderosamente la producción de bienes y servicios y del comercio internacional, su expansión para todos los bordes del mundo deterioró el estado del medio ambiente y destruyó las comunidades tradicionales rurales e indígenas. La desestabilización de los lazos de cooperación y de solidaridad tradicionales dejó a millones de seres humanos aislados y, sin perspectiva de romper el “círculo vicioso” de (...) pobreza, ignorancia y violencia. Sartre nos enseñó que los hombres nacen para ser libres, pero libertad significa también responsabilidad. Actuando y pensando sobre la realidad, los hombres la transforman y se transforman a sí mismos, encontrando el sentido para sus vidas, en conjunto, mediante una cultura de cooperación y solidaridad. (shrink)

Not all symmetries are on a par. For instance, within Newtonian mechanics, we seem to have a good grasp on the empirical significance of boosts, by applying it to subsystems. This is exemplified by the thought experiment known as Galileo’s ship: the inertial state of motion of a ship is immaterial to how events unfold in the cabin, but is registered in the values of relational quantities such as the distance and velocity of the ship relative to the shore. But (...) the significance of gauge symmetries seems less clear. For example, can gauge transformations in Yang-Mills theory—taken as mere descriptive redundancy—exhibit a similar relational empirical significance as the boosts of Galileo’s ship? This question has been debated in the last fifteen years in philosophy of physics. I will argue that the answer is ‘yes’, but only for a finite subset of gauge transformations, and under special conditions. Under those conditions, we can mathematically identify empirical significance with a failure of supervenience: the state of the Universe is not uniquely determined by the intrinsic state of its isolated subsystems. Empirical significance is therefore encoded in those relations between subsystems that stand apart from their intrinsic states. (shrink)

Local gauge theories are in a complicated relationship with boundaries. Whereas fixing the gauge can often shave off unwanted redundancies, the coupling of different bounded regions requires the use of gauge-variant elements. Therefore, coupling is inimical to gauge-fixing, as usually understood. This resistance to gauge-fixing has led some to declare the coupling of subsystems to be the \textit{raison d'\^etre} of gauge \cite{RovelliGauge2013}. Indeed, while gauge-fixing is entirely unproblematic for a single region without boundary, it introduces arbitrary boundary conditions on the (...) gauge degrees of freedom themselves---these conditions lack a physical interpretation when they are not functionals of the original fields. Such arbitrary boundary choices creep into the calculation of charges through Noether's second theorem, muddling the assignment of physical charges to local gauge symmetries. The confusion brewn by gauge at boundaries is well-known, and must be contended with both conceptually and technically. It may seem natural to replace the arbitrary boundary choice with new degrees of freedom, for using such a device we resolve some of these confusions while leaving no gauge-dependence on the computation of Noether charges \cite{DonnellyFreidel}. But, concretely, such boundary degrees of freedom are rather arbitrary---they have no relation to the original field-content of the field theory. How should we conceive of them? Here I will explicate the problems mentioned above and illustrate a possible resolution: in a recent series of papers \cite{GomesRiello2016, GomesRiello2018, GomesHopfRiello} the notion of a connection-form was put forward and implemented in the field-space of gauge theories. Using this tool, a modified version of symplectic geometry---here called `horizontal'---is possible. Independently of boundary conditions, this formalism bestows to each region a physically salient, relational notion of charge: the horizontal Noether charge. Meanwhile, as required, the connection-form mediates an irenic composition of regions, one compatible with the attribution of horizontal Noether charges to each region. Thes aims of this paper are to highlight the boundary issues in the treatment of gauge, and to discuss how gauge theory may be conceptually clarified in light of a resolution to these issues. (shrink)

A defining aspect of our modern age is our tenacious belief in technology in all walks of life, not least in education. It could be argued that this infatuation with technology or ‘techno-philia’ in education has had a deep impact in the classroom changing the relationship between teacher and student, as well as between students; that is, these relations have become increasingly more I–It than I–Thou based because the capacity to form bonds, the level of connectedness between teacher and students, (...) and between students has either decreased or become impaired by the increasing technologisation of education. Running parallel to this and perhaps exacerbating the problem is the so-called process of ‘learnification’, which understands that teachers are mere facilitators of the learning process, rather than someone with an expertise who has something to teach others. In this article, I first assess the current technologisation of education and the impact it has had in relations within the classroom; second, I characterise Buber’s I–It and I–Thou relations and its implications for education; finally, I investigate through a thought experiment if the development of AI could 1 day successfully replace human teachers in the classroom. (shrink)

This article delves into the intersection of literature and legal normativity through the lens of Ismail Kadare’s novel Broken April. It explores how literary theory enhances philosophical analysis of law by examining the novel’s portrayal of the Kanun, a set of customary laws in Albania, highlighting the complexity of legal normativity and the impact of law on individual subjectivity and social order. The core argument posits that Broken April serves not only as a reimagined narrative of Albanian customary law, but (...) also as a device to question and reflect on the broader implications of law’s normative force, and its reliance on a plethora of aesthetically effective symbols, in constituting both human behavior and the social imaginary. Through the literariness of Broken April, this article explains how law infiltrates and molds the social and psychological dimensions of life, ultimately shaping legal experience. It argues that literature offers a unique vantage point to reassess our understanding of law’s role in society, challenging conventional and nonconventional legal theories that overlook the cultural and emotional dimensions of law. (shrink)

Many biologists, especially in ecology and evolution, analyze their data by estimating fits to a set of candidate models and selecting the best model according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) or the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). When the candidate models represent alternative hypotheses, biologists may want to limit the chance of a false positive to a specified level. Existing model selection methodology, however, allows for only indirect control over error rates by setting a threshold for the difference in AIC (...) scores. We present a novel theoretical framework for parametric Neyman-Pearson (NP) model selection using information criteria that does not require a pre-data null and applies to three or more non-nested models simultaneously. We apply the theoretical framework to the Error Control for Information Criteria (ECIC) procedure introduced by Cullan et al. (J Appl Stat 47: 2565–2581, 2019), and we show it shares many of the desirable properties of AIC-type methods, including false positive and negative rates that converge to zero asymptotically. We discuss implications for the compatibility of evidentialist and severity-based approach to evidence in philosophy of science. (shrink)

How to transcend the conceptual walls of war? How to bring together former enemies? This paper looks at Victus, a theatre group in which victims and former combatants of different armed groups in Colombia (guerrilla, paramilitary, army) united in and off the stage, in a reconciliation process mediated through art. It will sustain that this configures a sort of micro-“laboratory” of reconciliation: a common space of interaction that has allowed different actors to transcend the borders of armed conflict, to humanize (...) the “other”, and to generate multiple processes of transformation and peacebuilding, which, despite being imperfect, are meaningful. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende dar sentido à afirmação feita, mais do que uma vez, por Paul Ricoeur, de que a sua filosofia poderia ser vista como um kantismo pós-hege-liano. Nesse contexto, o artigo procura abordar o pensar ricoeuriano mostrando de que modo ele se instaura e se desenvolve no horizonte kantiano de uma filosofia dos limites do saber. Essa abordagem é desenvolvida em dois momentos. O primeiro dirige-se à leitura que Paul Ricoeur faz da Crítica da Razão Pura de Kant. (...) O segundo centrar-se-à em três momentos fulcrais da Filosofia de Paul Ricoeur - a definição do seu projecto Filosofia da Vontade, a figura própria da sua Hermenêutica e o filosofema inovação semântica - evidenciando em cada um deles a ressonância da herança kantiana. /// Aim of this article is to to explore the meaning of Paul Ricoeur's persistent characterization of his own work as a post-Hegelian Kantism. In view of this end, the article demonstrates that Ricoeur's thinking is at once rooted and developed within the horizon of Kant's critical philosophy of limits in regard to knowledge. This can be shown by first considering Ricoeur's reading of the first Critique, and then centering on three decisive moments of Ricoeur's philosophy, to wit, the formulation of the project developed in the Philosophy of Will, the shape of his theory of hermeneutics, and his notion of semantic innovation that can be conceived as a philosophema. The Kantian influence can be seen to resonate in all three instances. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende fazer uma exposição de temas e duas personalidades da história do pensamento e das letras no Brasil. Benedito Nunes e Clarice Lispector. Razão e imaginação que se encontram na memória, personagem Macabéa, da novela a hora da estrela de Clarice Lispector. A vida da moça nordestina: desvalida, solteira, obtusa, enfermiça, desamparada, religiosa. É o centro onde os dois autores circulam e adentram como em uma atmosfera oceânica. O que trazem? O Mistério perene que é a vida (...) humana. (shrink)

Dominus Mundi: Political Sublime and the World Order by Pier Giuseppe Monateri is fuelled by the observation that after the pluralist nation states-based Westphalian world order, we are now witness...

This article argues that to disrupt legal education in a radical sense, students need to become acquainted with the art of worldmaking and the view that law is a “way of worldmaking”. First, I show that law is a cultural semiotic practice that requires decoding and, for that reason, demands a creative intervention by those that want to know, understand, and do things with law. Altogether this amounts to recognizing the different modes in which law creates, and is part of, (...) worlds. Second, I propose that due to different features of their aesthetic form, comics are a particularly effective medium to place students before the myriad ways in which law and lawyers make and reproduce worlds. Third, I illustrate the argument by exploring how the Saga comic series, through its formal multimodality and narrative and cultural complexity, can make good on that challenge. (shrink)

The article aims to reconstruct the seventeenth-century debate of the scientific nature of mathematics and the possibility of conceiving an idea of a positive infinite to address the philosophical implications of mathematics in Spinoza’s work, emphasizing the geometric ordering in his Ethics. We will approach the mathematical thinking of that philosopher from three perspectives: the pedagogical, the epistemological and the ontological. In the pedagogical sense, his synthetic geometry aims to inhabit the evidence as rhetorical and pedagogical expression of a perfect (...) and self-evident concatenation that leads the progress of the reader through philosophical propositions. In the epistemological sense, we have the aim of inhabiting the thing defined by a genetic definition that provides the very acting essence of a thing. That epistemological sense provides us the difference between a definition of a thing by its predicates or through its inner essence. And finally, in the ontological sense of inhabiting the infinite itself, because geometry can bring us the proper way to conceive the positive idea of the absolutely infinite in which we necessarily are and take part. (shrink)

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Community-supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives are spaces where diverse work relations are performed. From a postcapitalist perspective, these initiatives attempt to create alternative-capitalist and non-capitalist work relations next to capitalist ones. While analyses of work relations in CSA abound, it remains uncertain how such diversification is made possible and how it is shaped by the micro-politics of and power relations in these initiatives. This paper addresses this gap by analysing how power shapes transformations to postcapitalist work relations in CSA. It provides (...) substantial empirical evidence of multiple manifestations of power enabling or constraining postcapitalist work relations through a comparative case study of three CSA initiatives in Portugal. Results show that while CSA creates postcapitalist work relations that are non-alienated, non-monetised and full of care, they insufficiently unmake unbalanced power relations established in capitalist work relations. This paper argues that, when establishing postcapitalist work relations, the selected CSA initiatives could benefit from actively deconstructing internal hierarchies, de-centralising decision-making power from farm owners and addressing oppressive power relations that are ossified in their local and cultural context. (shrink)